Relevant Hesban Strata and other Evidence<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \n Egyptian<\/p>\n Late Bronze to Iron I-IIA (ca. 1500-900 BC)<\/td>\n | Thebes\/
\nRameses\/
\nTanis<\/td>\n | Amun Temple at Karnak; Hasel 1998); Kitchen (1982; 1992); Redford (1982a; 1982b)<\/td>\n | Tale of Sinuhe<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: None<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: None<\/td>\n | Scarabs, Bes and Horus amulets found in late contexts<\/td>\n | Strata 21-18\u00a0(possible periods of Egyptian presence during the 18th, 19th and 22nd dynasties)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Amorite<\/p>\n Late Bronze Age<\/td>\n | \n Heshbon\/<\/p>\n Madaba Plains<\/td>\n | Num 20:14-21: 30; 33:37-49; Dt 1-3, 29; Luke (1983); Jahn (2007)<\/td>\n | Unidentifiable<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: None<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: None<\/td>\n | None<\/td>\n | Stratum 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Hittite<\/p>\n Late Bronze Age<\/td>\n | Hattusas<\/td>\n | Num 13:29; Josh 1:4; 11:3<\/td>\n | Bones of Indo-Europeans at the Amman Airport Structure; see Herr (1983)<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: None<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: None<\/td>\n | None<\/td>\n | Stratum 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Canaanite<\/p>\n (Israelite)<\/p>\n Iron Age I-IIB<\/td>\n | Jerusalem\/ Shechem\/
\nTirzah\/
\nSamaria<\/td>\n | Num 32:37; 2 Sam. 8:2-12; 1 Chr 18:2-11; 2 Sam. 10:1-19; 1 Chr 19:1-19; 2 Chr 14:25; Mesha Stele<\/td>\n | Omride sites north of Arnon Gorge; Finkelstein (2000); Finkelstein and Lipschits \u00a0(2010)<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Reservoir, Segments of Walls, Podium?<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Storage Jars and Iron II successors; see Herr (1999b)<\/td>\n | Female Plaque<\/td>\n | Strata 21-17 (intermittent)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Moabite<\/p>\n Iron Age IIB-C<\/td>\n | Kir Hareseth\/ Dibon<\/td>\n | Mesha Stele; 2 Kgs 1:1; 3:4-5; 13:20 \u00a0Is 15:4; 16:8-9; Jer 48; Ray (2003)<\/td>\n | Dibon, Balu\u2018a, Khirbet el-Medeineh(s), al-Kerak, Madaba, Jalul<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Podium? Replastered reservoir<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Moabite \u00a0ceramic forms<\/td>\n | Possible Moabite figurine<\/td>\n | Stratum 17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Aram-Damascus<\/p>\n Iron Age IIB<\/td>\n | Damascus<\/td>\n | 2 Kgs 10:32-33<\/td>\n | Tall al- Rumaith<\/td>\n | \u00a0N\/A<\/td>\n | None<\/td>\n | Stratum 17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Neo-Assyrian<\/p>\n Iron Age IIB-C; ca. 733-625 BC<\/td>\n | Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh<\/td>\n | ANET: 282; Bennett (1978; 1982); Bienkowski (2000); Daviau (1997; 2001); Oded (1970); Salje (2009); Weippert (1987)<\/td>\n | Assyrian influenced building plans at various sites<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence:\u00a0N\/A<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: \u00a0Assyrian influenced local ware, figurines<\/td>\n | None<\/td>\n | Strata 16-17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Ammonite<\/p>\n Iron Age IIB-C<\/td>\n | Rabbath-Ammon<\/td>\n | Jer 49:1-6; Herr (1999a); Younker (1994; 1999; 2003)<\/td>\n | Amman Citadel, Tall al-\u2018Umayri, Tall Jawa<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Podium?<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Ammonite ware and forms; Herr (2006)<\/td>\n | Ammonite Ostraca and Graffito; Horse and Rider figurines<\/td>\n | Stratum 16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Neo-Babylonian<\/p>\n Iron Age III-Babylonian; ca. 604-540 BC<\/td>\n | Babylon<\/td>\n | Josephus Ant. 10.9.7; Weippert (1987)<\/td>\n | Nabonidas Relief at Sela\u2019; Herr (1995)<\/td>\n | N\/A<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Persian<\/p>\n Iron Age III-Persian; 539-333 BC<\/td>\n | Persepolis, Susa with Amman as the provincial capital<\/td>\n | Neh 2:7-19; Ezra 4:10-20; 8:36; Bienkowski (2001; 2008); Ray (2006); Weippert (1987)<\/td>\n | See sites discussed in Ray (2006)<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence:\u00a0N\/A<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: Fish sauce plates<\/td>\n | Aramaic Ostraca<\/td>\n | Stratum 16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Ptolemaic\/ Seleucid<\/p>\n Hellenistic; 332-164 BC<\/td>\n | Alexandria, Antioch<\/td>\n | Josephus Ant. 13.15.4<\/td>\n | \u2018Araq al-Amir, Amman<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Acropolis Fortress or Podium, Houses, silos<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: N\/A<\/td>\n | Ostracon, Rhodian Jar Date Stamp<\/td>\n | Stratum 15 Seleucid and Ptolemaic coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Hasmonean<\/p>\n Hellenistic; 129-63 BC<\/td>\n | Jerusalem<\/td>\n | Josephus Ant.13.9.1, 13.15.5 1 Macc 5:26, 36<\/td>\n | Machaerus<\/td>\n | N\/A<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Hasmonean coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Nabataean<\/p>\n ca. 4 BC-AD 106<\/td>\n | Petra<\/td>\n | Is 11:14; Ezek 25:9<\/td>\n | Petra city and Necropolis<\/td>\n | \u00a0N\/A<\/td>\n | Safaitic burial inscription<\/td>\n | Nabataean coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Roman<\/p>\n Roman; 63 BC-AD 330<\/td>\n | Rome<\/td>\n | Pliny Natural Hist, Josephus Ant. 13.15.4; 15.8.5<\/td>\n | Extremely rich architectural remains e.g.: the Decapolis cities and forts<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Temple, Inn with court-yard, Rolling Stone Tomb<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Abundant ceramic evidence, \u00a0with Terra sigillata ware<\/td>\n | Latin Seal Impression Esbus Coins; Roman Mile stones; stamped Terra sigillatas<\/td>\n | Strata 11-14
\nRoman coins
\nIntaglio depicting Zeus Triad
\nFenestrated Bowl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Byzantine<\/p>\n Byzantine; AD 330-664<\/td>\n | Constantinople<\/td>\n | Scriptorum ecclesiasticorum, epistola of Pope Martin, Eusebius, Onomasticon<\/td>\n | Rich remains: churches and mosaics at Madaba, Um- al Rasas, Amman, Jerash<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Basilica-churches, reservoir, mosaics, farm houses at base of tell, cisterns<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Abundant ceramic evidence<\/td>\n | Madaba Mosaic Map, Church entablature with Greek inscription, Ostracon<\/td>\n | Strata 7-11
\nByzantine coins, Bronze Crosses
\nPrometheus bone carving<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Umayyad<\/p>\n Early Islamic I; AD 661-750<\/td>\n | Damascus<\/td>\n | Al-Tabari<\/td>\n | Desert \u201cforts\u201d, Amman<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Area N House, oven<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0\u201cPalace Ware\u201d<\/td>\n | Mosaics at Umm al-Rasas and Ma’in, a possible Kufic inscription, Ostracon<\/td>\n | Stratum 6, coins, zoomorphic spout<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n \u2018Abbasid<\/p>\n Early Islamic II; ca. AD 750-1000<\/td>\n | Baghdad<\/td>\n | Yaqut; Grabar (1964); Whitcomb (2000)<\/td>\n | Humayma<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Area N House<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Red-painted and red clay cups and bowls and glazed ware<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 5A, coin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Fatimid<\/p>\n Middle Islamic I; ca. AD 970-1200<\/td>\n | \n Mahdia\/<\/p>\n Cairo<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n \u00a0Arch. Evidence: N\/A<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Continuity of some forms<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 5B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Seljuk<\/p>\n ca. AD 1071-1100<\/td>\n | Isfahan<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \u00a0N\/A<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 5B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Crusader<\/p>\n Crusader;
\nAD 1099-1187<\/td>\n | Jerusalem<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | al Kerak, Oultrejourdain<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: N\/A<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: \u00a0Cookpots and glazed imports<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 5B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Ayyubid<\/p>\n Middle Islamic IIA; AD 1187-1260<\/td>\n | \n Cairo\/<\/p>\n Damascus<\/td>\n | Ibn Shaddad: campsite for Saladin<\/td>\n | \u2018Ajlun Castle<\/td>\n | \u00a0N\/A<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 4, coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Early Mamluk<\/p>\n Middle Islamic IIB; AD 1260-1400<\/td>\n | Cairo\/
\nDamascus<\/td>\n | Ab\u016b al-Fid\u0101\u2019
\nIbn Hijji; see also Walker (2001a; 2003; 2004; 2007; 2008; 2011) for entire period<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Vaulted building complex: residence and garrison of Balqa governor, medieval village at base of tell<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Sugar pots; elephant ear handled cookpots; HMGP ware<\/td>\n | Inscribed bronze bowl<\/td>\n | Stratum 3A-B, coin hoard, bird figurine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Late Mamluk<\/p>\n Late Islamic I; ca. AD 1400-1500<\/td>\n | \n Cairo\/<\/p>\n Damascus<\/td>\n | Ibn Qadi Shuhba al-Qalqashandi and Al-Z\u0101hir\u012b<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Gradual abatement of village<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Glazed and painted ware<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 2, coins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Ottoman<\/p>\n Late Islamic II-Modern;
\nAD 1517-1917<\/td>\n | Istanbul\/
\nDamascus<\/td>\n | \u2018Ajarma, \u2018Adw\u0101n and Beni Sakhr tribes and Ottoman tax registers (“defters”)<\/td>\n | al-Salt, forts,
\nHejaz Railway and stations<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Village at base of tell, foundation of Nabulsi qasr; cemetery (see Walker 2001b)<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:\u00a0Coarse wares; Walker (2009)<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 1, clay pipes, \u00a0inscribed rings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n British Mandate<\/p>\n AD 1917-1946<\/td>\n | London<\/td>\n | British Mandate land registers<\/td>\n | Tegart Forts<\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Nabulsi stables<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: N\/A<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| \n Hashemite<\/p>\n 1921-present<\/td>\n | Ma\u2019an, Amman<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | \n Arch. Evidence: Municipality development, post office, schools<\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence: N\/A<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | Stratum 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nKey<\/h2>\n\n\n\n| \n Column 1<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/td>\n | \n Polity:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Dates:<\/td>\n | \n Title or name of empire or power that either controlled or exerted influence over Hesban and the surrounding region<\/p>\n Approximate dates of polity\u2019s presence in the Levant, particularly in Trans-Jordan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Column\u00a02<\/td>\n | Epicenter:<\/td>\n | Seat of power; the capital city or cities of polity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Column\u00a03<\/td>\n | Written Sources<\/td>\n | Relevant historical and epigraphic sources to polity\u2019s control or influence over Hesban and the surrounding region<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Column\u00a04<\/td>\n | Archaeological Sources<\/td>\n | Archaeological evidence of polity\u2019s regional presence (attested sites in Trans-Jordan)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \n Column\u00a05<\/p>\n <\/td>\n | \n Architectural Evidence:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ceramic Evidence:<\/td>\n | \n Archaeological remains relating to or contemporary with polity from Hisban or vicinity<\/p>\n Relevant ceramic evidence from Hisban or vicinity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Column\u00a06<\/td>\n | Iconographic Evidence<\/td>\n | Relevant iconographic and epigraphic evidence from Hisban or vicinity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Column\u00a07<\/td>\n | Other Evidence<\/td>\n | Relevant small finds from Hisban or vicinity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nReferences<\/h2>\n\n \n Bennett, Crystal- M.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1978<\/div>\n Some Reflections on Neo-Assyrian Influence in Transjordan. \u00a0Pp. 164-71 in\u00a0 Archaeology in the Levant: \u00a0Essays for Kathleen Kenyon<\/em>, eds. Roger Moorey and Peter Parr. \u00a0Warminster: \u00a0Aris and Phillips.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1982<\/div>\n Neo-Assyrian Influence in Transjordan. \u00a0Pp. 181-87 in Studies in the\u00a0 History and Archaeology of Jordan I,<\/em>\u00a0ed. Adnan Hadidi. \u00a0Amman: Department of Antiquities, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Bienkowski, Piotr<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2000<\/div>\n Transjordan and Assyria. \u00a0Pp. 44-58 in\u00a0 The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond: \u00a0Essays in Honor of James A. Sauer,<\/em>\u00a0ed. Lawrence E. Stager, Joseph A. Greene, and Michael D. Coogan. \u00a0Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant 1. \u00a0Winona Lake: \u00a0Eisenbrauns.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2001<\/div>\n The Iron Age and Persian Periods in Jordan. \u00a0Pp. 265-74 in\u00a0 Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan VII<\/em>. \u00a0Amman: \u00a0Department of Antiquities, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2008<\/div>\n The Persian Period. \u00a0Pp. 335-62 in\u00a0 Jordan: \u00a0An Archaeological Reader<\/em>, ed. Russell B. Adams. \u00a0London: \u00a0Equinox.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Daviau, P. M. Mich\u00e8le<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1997<\/div>\n Technological Change and Assyrian Influence at Tall Jawa, Jordan. \u00a0 Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies<\/em>\u00a032: 23-32.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2001<\/div>\n Assyrian Influence and Changing Technologies at Tall Jawa, Jordan. \u00a0Pp. 214-38 in\u00a0 The Land that I Will Show You: \u00a0Essays on the History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of J. Maxwell Miller<\/em>, eds. J. Andrew Dearman and M. Patrick Graham. \u00a0Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 343. \u00a0Sheffield: Sheffield Academic.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Finkelstein, Israel<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2000<\/div>\n Omride Architecture. \u00a0 Zeitschrift des deutschen Pal\u00e4stina-Vereins<\/em>\u00a0116: 114-38.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Finkelstein, Israel, and Lipschits, Oded<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2010<\/div>\n Omride Architecture in Moab: \u00a0Jahaz and Ataroth. \u00a0 Zeitschrift des deutschen Pal\u00e4stina-Vereins<\/em>\u00a0126: 29-42.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Gilmour, Garth, and Kitchen, Kenneth A.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2012<\/div>\n Pharaoh Sety II and Egyptian Political Relations with Canaan at the End of the Late Bronze Age. \u00a0 Israel Exploration Journal\u00a0<\/em>62: 1-21.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Grabar, Oleg<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1964<\/div>\n A Small Episode of Early \u2018Abb\u0101sid Times and Some Consequences. \u00a0 Eretz-Israel<\/em>\u00a07: \u00a044*-47* (L. A. Mayer Memorial Volume), eds. Michael Avi-Yonah; H. Z. Hirschberg; Benjamin Mazar; and Yigael Yadin. \u00a0Jerusalem: \u00a0Israel Exploration Society.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Hasel, Michael<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1998<\/div>\n Domination and Resistance: \u00a0Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant, ca. 1300-1185 B.C.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0Probleme Der Agyptologie 11. \u00a0Leiden: \u00a0Brill.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Herr, Larry G.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1983<\/div>\n The Amman Airport Structure and the Geopolitics of Ancient Transjordan. \u00a0 Biblical Archaeologist<\/em>\u00a046: 223-29.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1995<\/div>\n Wine Production in the Hills of Southern Ammon and the Founding of Tall al-\u2018Umayri in the Sixth Century BC. \u00a0 Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan\u00a0<\/em>39: 121-25.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1999a<\/div>\n The Ammonites in the Late Iron Age and Persian Period. \u00a0Pp. 219-37 in\u00a0 Ancient Ammon<\/em>, eds. Burton MacDonald and Randall W. Younker. \u00a0Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East 17. \u00a0Leiden: \u00a0Brill.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1999b<\/div>\n Tall al-\u2018Umayri and the Reubenite Hypothesis. \u00a0 Eretz-Israel<\/em>\u00a026: 64*-77* (Frank Moore Cross Volume), eds. Baruch A. Levine; Philip J. King; Joseph Naveh and Ephraim Stern. \u00a0Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2006<\/div>\n Black-Burnished Ammonite Bowls from Tall al\u2019Umayri and Tall Hisban in Jordan. \u00a0Pp. 525-540 in\u00a0 \u201cI Will Speak the Riddles of Ancient Times\u201d: \u00a0Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar<\/em>, eds. Aren M. Maeir and Pierre de Miroschedji. \u00a0Winona Lake: \u00a0Eisenbrauns.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Jahn, Brit<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2007<\/div>\n The Migration and Sedentarization of the Amorites from the Point of View of the Settled Babylonian Population. \u00a0Pp. 193-209 in\u00a0 Representations of Political Power: \u00a0Case Histories from Times of Change and Dissolving Order in the Ancient Near East<\/em>, eds. Marlies Heinz and Marian H. Feldman. \u00a0Winona Lake: \u00a0Eisenbrauns.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Kitchen, Kenneth A.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1982<\/div>\n Pharaoh Triumphant: \u00a0The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt<\/em>. \u00a0Warminster: \u00a0Aris & Phillips.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1992<\/div>\n The Egyptian Evidence on Ancient Jordan. \u00a0Pp. 21-34 in\u00a0 Early Edom and Moab: \u00a0The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan<\/em>, ed. Piotr Bienkowski. \u00a0Sheffield Archaeological Monographs, 7. \u00a0Sheffield: \u00a0J. R. Collis.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Luke, J. Tracy<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1983<\/div>\n \u201cYour Father Was an Amorite\u201d (Ezek 16:3, 45): \u00a0An Essay on the Amorite Problem in OT Traditions. \u00a0Pp. 221-37 in\u00a0 The Quest for the Kingdom of God: \u00a0Studies in Honor of George E. Mendenhall<\/em>, eds. Herbert B. Huffmon, Frank A. Spina, and Alberto R. W. Green. \u00a0Winona Lake: \u00a0Eisenbrauns.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Oded, Bustenay<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1970<\/div>\n Observations on Methods of Assyrian Rule in Transjordania after the Palestinian Campaign of Tiglath-Pileser III. \u00a0 Journal of Near Eastern Studies<\/em>\u00a029: 177-86.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1972<\/div>\n The Historical Background of the Syro-Ephraimite War Reconsidered. \u00a0 Catholic Biblical Quarterly<\/em>\u00a034: 153-165.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Ray, Paul J.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2001<\/div>\n Hesban 6: \u00a0Tell Hesban and Vicinity in the Iron Age.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0Berrien Springs: \u00a0Andrews University.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2003<\/div>\n The Moabites at Tall Hisban. \u00a0Pp. 202-18 in\u00a0 Wort und Stein: \u00a0Studien zur Theologie und Arch\u00e4ologie Festschrift f\u00fcr Udo Worschech<\/em>, ed. Friedbert Ninow. \u00a0Beitr\u00e4ge zur Erforschung der Antiken Moabitis (Ard El-Kerak) 4. \u00a0Frankfurt am Main: \u00a0Peter Lang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2006<\/div>\n Connectivity: \u00a0Transjordan during the Persian Period. \u00a0Pp. 75-92 in\u00a0 Connectivity in Antiquity: \u00a0Globalization as a Long-Term Historical Process<\/em>, eds. \u00d8ystein S. LaBianca and Sandra Arnold Scham. \u00a0London: \u00a0Equinox.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Redford, Donald B.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1982a<\/div>\n Contact between Egypt and Jordan in the New Kingdom: \u00a0Some Comments on Sources. \u00a0Pp. 115-19 in\u00a0 Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan I<\/em>, ed. Adnan Hadidi. \u00a0Amman: \u00a0Department of Antiquities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 1982b<\/div>\n A Bronze Age Itinerary in Transjordan (Nos. 89-101 of Thutmose III\u2019s List of Asiatic Toponyms). \u00a0 Journal for the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities<\/em>\u00a012: 55-74.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Salje, Beate<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2009<\/div>\n The Kingdoms of Transjordan and the Assyrian Expansion. \u00a0Pp. 737-43 in\u00a0 Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan X,<\/em>\u00a0ed. Fawwaz al-Khraysheh. Amman: \u00a0Department of Antiquities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Strange, John<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2004<\/div>\n Jordan between Mesopotamia and Egypt in the Bronze and Iron Ages. \u00a0 Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan VIII<\/em>, ed. Fawwaz al-Khraysheh. \u00a0Amman: \u00a0Department of Antiquities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n \n Walker, Bethany J.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2001a<\/div>\n Mamluk Administration of Transjordan: Recent Findings from Tall Hisban.\u00a0 al-\u2018Usur al-Wusta<\/em>\u00a013.2: \u00a029-33.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2001b<\/div>\n The Late Ottoman Cemetery in Field L, Tall Hisban.\u00a0 Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research<\/em>\u00a0322: 1-19.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2003<\/div>\n Mamluk Investment in Southern\u00a0 Bilad al-Sham<\/em>\u00a0in the Fourteenth Century: The Case of Hisban.\u00a0Journal of Near Eastern Studies<\/em>\u00a062: \u00a0241-61.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2004<\/div>\n Mamluk Investment in the Transjordan: A \u2018Boom and Bust\u2019 Economy. \u00a0 Mamluk Studies Review\u00a0<\/em>8: 119-47.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2007<\/div>\n Transformation of the Agricultural Economy of Late Mamluk Jordan.\u00a0 Mamluk Studies Review<\/em>\u00a011: 1-27.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n 2008<\/div>\n The Role of Agriculture in Mamluk-Jordanian Power Relations. 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